Instruction for Authors

JSTI Manuscript Formatting Guidelines v1.0

Journal of Scientific and Technological Innovation

Version: v1.0
Applicable to: High school students, university students, faculty advisors, and research teams
Accepted manuscript types: Original Research Articles / Technical Innovation Reports / Experimental Study Papers / Engineering Design Papers / Adapted Papers from Competition-Based Projects

1. Aims and Scope

The Journal of Scientific and Technological Innovation (JSTI) is dedicated to providing a formal, public, and academically oriented publication platform for young researchers. The journal encourages high school and university students to transform their science fair projects, research studies, inventions, engineering work, AI applications, interdisciplinary investigations, and competition-based achievements into well-structured academic manuscripts.

JSTI adopts the general logic and organization of international scholarly journals while adapting its format to better suit student research and innovation projects. The journal aims to balance academic rigor, readability, and educational value.

2. Eligible Contributors

JSTI welcomes submissions from:

High school students
University students
Student authors working jointly with faculty advisors or mentors
School-based or independent teams with research, invention, design, implementation, or interdisciplinary outcomes

Submissions may include, but are not limited to, the following categories:

Science fair projects
Research-based capstone or academic projects
Inventions and prototype development
Engineering and technology implementation
AI, programming, and system development projects
Design competition, innovation competition, or academic competition outcomes
Interdisciplinary studies related to science, technology, education, environment, or society

3. Manuscript Categories

3.1 Research Article

This category is intended for manuscripts with a complete research structure, including a clear research question, methodology, results, analysis, and conclusion.
Suitable for experimental studies, quantitative or qualitative analysis, model development, scientific inquiry, and interdisciplinary academic research.

3.2 Project Report

This category is intended for manuscripts centered on projects, engineering practice, implementation, system development, or design validation.
Suitable for science fair entries, engineering projects, applied design, product prototypes, technical integration, and project-based innovation outcomes.

3.3 Innovation Brief

This category is intended for shorter manuscripts presenting innovative ideas, pilot results, early-stage prototypes, or proof-of-concept work.
Suitable for invention concepts, preliminary testing outcomes, design validations, and concise competition-based submissions.

4. Language of Submission

The primary language of submission is English.

Chinese-language submissions may be accepted only for special issues, themed calls, or publication projects specifically announced by the editorial office.

5. File Format and General Layout

Authors should prepare manuscripts according to the following format:

File format: Word .docx
Paper size: A4
Font: Times New Roman or Arial
Font size: 12 pt
Line spacing: 1.5
Margins: 2.54 cm on all sides
Alignment: Justified
Page numbers: Insert in the footer
File naming format: JSTI_ManuscriptType_FirstAuthorName_SubmissionDate

6. Recommended Word Count

Research Article

Recommended length: 3,000–5,000 words

Project Report

Recommended length: 2,000–4,000 words

Innovation Brief

Recommended length: 1,200–2,500 words

These word counts exclude references, figure captions, tables, and appendices. Manuscripts that exceed the suggested range may still be considered if they demonstrate strong completeness and publication value.

7. Recommended Number of Figures and Tables

Research Article

Recommended: 3–6 figures and/or tables

Project Report

Recommended: 3–8 figures and/or tables

Innovation Brief

Recommended: 1–3 figures and/or tables

Figures and tables should be relevant, legible, and clearly connected to the main text.

8. Manuscript Structure

All manuscripts should generally include the following components:

8.1 Title

The title should be specific, concise, and accurately reflect the research topic, project outcome, design focus, or core finding.

8.2 Author Information

List all authors in the order of their actual contribution.

8.3 Affiliation

Provide each author's school, department, grade level, or research affiliation.

8.4 Corresponding Author

Indicate the name and email address of the corresponding author.

8.5 Abstract

The abstract should be 150–250 words and briefly describe:

The background or research problem
The method, process, or design approach
The main results or project performance
The conclusion, significance, or practical value

8.6 Keywords

Provide 3–6 keywords.

8.7 Introduction

Explain the background, motivation, research purpose, and importance of the topic.

8.8 Methods / Design Process

Describe the research methods, design procedures, experimental setup, data collection process, system development stages, or model construction approach.

8.9 Results

Present the findings, testing outcomes, data analysis, model performance, project effectiveness, or observations.

8.10 Discussion

Interpret the meaning of the results, discuss limitations, possible explanations, areas for improvement, and the broader value of the work.

8.11 Conclusion

Summarize the major findings, contributions, applications, and possible future directions.

8.12 References

List all cited sources in the journal's required format.

8.13 Acknowledgments

Authors may acknowledge advisors, collaborators, technical assistance, institutional support, or other contributions here.

8.14 Funding / Conflict of Interest / Ethics Statement

If applicable, authors must disclose funding support, conflicts of interest, human or animal research, surveys, or personal data usage.

8.15 Figures and Tables

All figures and tables must be numbered and accompanied by titles or captions.

8.16 Supplementary Materials

Appendices, raw data, source code, design drawings, additional tests, or other supporting materials may be submitted as supplementary files.

9. Title Page Format

The first page of the manuscript should include:

Manuscript title
Author name(s)
School name
Department, class, or grade level
Advisor's name, if applicable
Corresponding author's name and email address
Manuscript category: Research Article / Project Report / Innovation Brief

10. Abstract Guidelines

The abstractmust be written as a single, self-contained paragraph of 150 to 250 words. It should allow any reader to understand the core content of the manuscript without reading the full text. The abstract is indexed independently and is often the only section read by many readers — it must be accurate, clear, and concise.

The abstract should cover four elements in sequence:

• Background and motivation — why this problem matters

• Methods or design approach — what you did and how

• Results — what you found or produced

• Conclusions and significance — what it means and why it matters

Authors must avoid the following in the abstract:

• Undefined abbreviations or acronyms — define all terms in full at first use

• Citations or references — the abstract should be self-sufficient

• Overstated or promotional claims — conclusions must be supported by the results

• Vague phrases such as 'results were analysed' or 'conclusions were drawn' without specific content

• Information that does not appear in the main text

11. Main Text Guidelines

11.1 Clear Structure

The manuscript should have a clear logical structure and organized sections. It should not simply list data or describe outcomes without interpretation.

11.2 Emphasis on Process and Method

JSTI places particular value on how students identify problems, design methods, revise errors, and interpret results. Even if the final outcome is limited, a manuscript may still be valuable if the process is rigorous and the analysis is honest.

11.3 Formal and Objective Language

Authors should avoid overly conversational, emotional, or promotional language. The manuscript should be written in the tone of a formal research paper or technical report.

11.4 Definition of Terms and Abbreviations

Technical terms, discipline-specific terminology, and abbreviations must be written in full when first introduced, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses.
Example: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

12. Figure and Table Requirements

12.1 Numbering

Figures and tables should be numbered separately, for example:

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Table 1
Table 2

12.2 Citation in Text

All figures and tables must be cited in the main text in numerical order.

12.3 Titles and Captions

Each figure and table must include a title or concise explanatory caption.

12.4 Image and Figure Quality Requirements

Allfigures submitted to JSTI must meet the following minimum quality standards:

• Minimum resolution: 300 DPI for photographs; 600 DPI for line drawings and graphs

• Accepted file formats: PDF, TIFF, PNG, JPEG, EPS, or AI

• Figures prepared entirely in PowerPoint are strongly discouraged unless converted to high-resolution PDF or image format before submission

• Avoid decorative borders, excessive shading, or 3D effects in graphs — use clean, simple layouts

• Ensure all text in figures is legible at the size it will appear in the published article (minimum 8pt)

• Colour figures are accepted; authors should also ensure figures remain interpretable in greyscale

• Do not use image compression that reduces visual quality below the stated resolution minimums

12.5 Multi-panel Figures

If a figure contains multiple panels, label them clearly as a, b, c, etc.

13. Reference Style

JSTI recommends a numbered reference style.

Key rules from JSTI citation style:

· Use author initials first, then full family name (e.g., J. Smith, not Smith J.)

· Italicise journal names

· Bold the volume number

· Use en dashes for page ranges (100–108, not 100-108)

· Put the year in parentheses at the end of each reference

· Do not use 'and' between author names — use commas only

In-text citation examples

…previous studies have shown that this method is feasible [1].
…similar findings have also been reported elsewhere [2,3].

Reference list examples

[1] Smith J, Lee A. Title of article. Journal Name. 2024;12(3):45–58.
[2] Wang T. Title of book. Publisher; 2023.
[3] Brown K. Title of conference paper. Conference Name; 2025.

Recommended source types

Peer-reviewed journal articles
Published books
Official research reports
Government publications
Official documents from universities, research institutions, or international organizations
Credible technical reports and standards documents

Authors should avoid excessive reliance on unverified, anonymous, or low-credibility online sources.

14. Ethics and Disclosure Statements

If the manuscript involves any of the following, an appropriate statement must be included at the end of the manuscript:

Human participants
Animal experiments
Surveys or questionnaires
Personal data collection or use
External funding support
Commercial collaboration or conflicts of interest

Suggested headings include:

Acknowledgments
Funding Statement
Conflict of Interest Statement
Ethics Statement

15. AI Disclosure

AI-Assisted Writing Disclosure

Authors who use any AI-assisted writing tool — including but not limited to ChatGPT, Claude, Grammarly AI, or similar large language model applications — in the drafting, revision, or editing of their manuscript must disclose this clearly in the Methods section or Acknowledgments section.

The disclosure should specify: (1) the name and version of the tool used; (2) the purpose for which it was used (e.g., grammar checking, sentence restructuring, translation assistance); and (3) confirmation that the authors have reviewed, verified, and taken responsibility for all AI-generated content.

AI tools may not be listed as authors. Responsibility for the scientific accuracy, originality, and ethical integrity of the entire manuscript remains with the human authors. Failure to disclose the use of AI tools constitutes a breach of publication ethics.

16. Data Availability Statement

Data Availability Statement

Authors are strongly encouraged to make research data, code, and supplementary materials publicly available to support transparency and reproducibility. A Data Availability Statement must be included at the end of the manuscript, before the References section.

Acceptable statements include:

• "All data supporting the findings of this study are included in this manuscript and/or its supplementary materials."

• "Raw data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."

• "The dataset used in this study is available at [repository name and URL / DOI]."

If data cannot be shared publicly for reasons of privacy, ethics, or legal restriction, authors must explain why in the Data Availability Statement. The statement may not simply read 'data available upon request' without additional explanation.

Co-authorship and Authorship Order

Co-authors should be individuals who made substantial contributions to the research, design, execution, analysis, or writing of the manuscript.

Individuals who only provided general administrative support, access to facilities, or minor advice should normally be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section rather than listed as co-authors.

The order of authors should be confirmed by the submission team before submission and should not be changed without valid justification.

17. Pre-submission Checklist

Before submission, please confirm that:

The manuscript category has been indicated
The title page is complete
The abstract is included
Keywords are provided
The manuscript structure is complete
All figures and tables are numbered
All figures and tables are cited in the text
All abbreviations are defined at first mention
References follow a consistent format
The author order has been confirmed
Required statements have been included
The manuscript has been proofread for spelling and language

18. Review Principles

JSTI adopts a review approach that combines educational purpose with professional standards. Manuscripts will be evaluated based on the following:

Clarity of topic
Clarity of research or design objective
Appropriateness of methods or process
Specificity of results
Depth of discussion and analysis
Originality or practical value
Completeness of structure
Formality and readability of writing

JSTI welcomes promising work from emerging young researchers. The purpose of review is to improve manuscript quality and help authors move closer to formal academic writing, rather than to reject student work based solely on highly restrictive standards.

19. Submission Materials

In principle, authors should prepare the following materials for submission:

Main manuscript file in Word format
Original figure/table files, if requested by the editorial office
Author information form
Required authorization or declaration forms
Supplementary files, if applicable

20. Final Note

These guidelines constitute the first official version of the JSTI manuscript formatting standards.

The editorial office reserves the right to revise the formatting requirements, submission instructions, and review procedures in accordance with the journal's future development and editorial needs. Please refer to the official website for the most current version.

Science Citation Style

General comments

Author names: Use initials first for all authors, (separated by a space) for given names; spell out family names in full. Use commas (not "and") to separate author names. Do not use punctuation before name suffixes (e.g., Jr., 3rd, III).

Journal articles

Titles of cited articles should be included, followed by a period. Journal titles should be in italics; volume numbers should be in bold. (If there is no volume number, use the publication year in its place.) Do not place a comma before the volume number or before any parentheses. Provide the full page range, with numbers separated by an en dash. If the publication does not have continuous page numbers, use the article number (or citation number) instead of the page range. Indicate the publication year in parentheses. End each listing with a period. Do not use "ibid." or "op. cit."

Examples

1. A. B. Author, C. D. Author, Example article title. Example Journal Name 55, 100–108 (2021).
[with page range]

2. A. B. Author, C. D. Author, Example article title. Example Journal Name 346, e12345 (2022).
[with article number instead of page range]

3. A. B. Author, C. D. Author, Example article title. Example Journal Name 17 (suppl. 1), 62–66 (2020).
[with supplement number]

4. S. Author, M. Author, H. Author, Example article title. Example Journal Name DOI (2022).
[early online publication/epub ahead of print (use DOI instead of volume and page/article numbers)]

Whole books

For edited books, insert the editor name(s), followed by "Ed.," or "Eds.," before the title. Italicize the book title and use "title case" (see examples below). After the title, provide (in parentheses) the publisher name, edition number (if any), and year.

Examples

1. G. Y. Author, Example Book Title (Publisher, 2022).
[basic example]

2. X. Editor, Y. Z. Editor, Q. Editor, Eds., Example Book Title (Publisher, 2021).
[with editors rather than authors]

3. M. Author, T. Author, Example Book Title (Publisher, ed. 3, 2022).
[with edition number]

4. Organization Name, Example Book Title (Organization Name, 2021).
[organization as both author and publisher]

Book chapters

Style is as above (for whole books), except that "in" appears before the title, and the names of the editors appear after the title. The chapter title may be provided before the book title; enclose chapter titles in quotes and use initial caps. After the information in parentheses, provide the complete page number range (and/or chapter number) of the cited material.

Examples

1. A. Author, Z. Author, "Optional: Example chapter title" in Example Book Title (Publisher, 2022), pp. 300–350.
[with chapter title]

2. T. D. Author, U. R. Author, in Example Book Title, F. Editor, Ed. (Publisher, 2021), pp. 37–71.
[with editor]

Books in series

If the book is part of a series, indicate the series title after the book title. The volume number is optional.

Examples

1. A. Author, B. Author, Example Book Title, vol. 5 of Example Series Title (Publisher, 2022).

Technical reports and monographs

The title should be in quotes and should have initial caps. After the title, provide the following in parentheses: report number (if applicable), publisher name, and year. A URL may be provided as well. Monographs in series may be treated as journals.

Examples

1. G. B. Author, "Example report title" (Tech. Rep. ABCD-12-34, Publisher, 2022).
[with report number]

2. F. Author, "Example report title" (Publisher, 2020); URL.
[with URL]

3. "Example report title" (Tech. Rep. 83902, Publisher, 2021).
[no author]

Meetings, conferences, and proceedings

If published, style is same as for book references. If unpublished, include the title of meeting, location, date(s), and sponsoring organization (if not part of the meeting name). Abstracts may be cited by abstract number (if applicable).

Examples

1. A. Author, X. Author, G. Author, in Proceedings of the 2019 Example Conference on Interesting Topic (Publisher, 2022), pp. 6645–6649.
[published]

2. A. Z. Author, "Example conference paper" in Proceedings of the 2021 Example Conference on Interesting Topic (Publisher, 2021), abstr. 875.
[published, paper title and abstract number provided]

3. M. Author, paper presented at the 25th Annual Meeting of Example Organization, Washington, DC, 10 to 13 October 2022.
[unpublished]

Theses

Name the university but not the degree. Name the city if the university could be mistaken for another. It is optional to include the thesis title.

Examples

1. B. Author, thesis, Example University (2021).
[no title]

2. R. Author, "Example title on an interesting topic," thesis, Example University, Washington, DC (2020).
[with title and city]

Preprints

For arXiv, embed the URL in arXiv:identifier, but do not include the word "Preprint." For bioRxiv and others, include "[Preprint]" after the article identifier, and insert the DOI (preferably in URL format) at the end.

Examples

1. J. V. Author, E. Author, D. F. Author, Example preprint title. arXiv:1111.12345 [category] (2021).
[arXiv]

2. D. Z. Author, K. Author, U. Author, M. R. Author, Example preprint title. bioRxiv 0123456 [Preprint] (2020). https://doi.org/10.1101/0123456.
[bioRxiv]

Datasets

List the version number, if applicable. Provide a DOI or other persistent identifier (preferably in URL format).

Example

1. D. Author, Example dataset title, version 1, Example Repository Name (2021); https://doi.org/10.12345/ABC1234567.

Software

Include the version number (if applicable). Provide a DOI (preferably in URL format) or other persistent identifier. If a persistent identifier does not exist, include a URL to where the software exists. If there is an article that describes the software, it should be cited in addition to the software itself. Do not cite the article instead of the software. A consensus guide to citing software, by a working group of multiple publishers, can be found here.

Example

1. A. Author, B. Author, Example software title, version 2, Example Repository Name (2022); https://doi.org/10.12345/ABC000999.

Journal of Scientific and Technological Innovation (JSTI)
Manuscript Formatting Guidelines v1.0

Journal of Scientific and Technological Innovation (JSTI)

投稿格式規範 v1.0

版本：v1.0
適用對象：高中生、大學生、指導教師及研究團隊
接受稿件類型：Original Research Articles / Technical Innovation Reports / Experimental Study Papers / Engineering Design Papers / Adapted Papers from Competition-Based Projects

一、期刊宗旨

Journal of Scientific and Technological Innovation（JSTI） 致力於為青年研究者提供一個正式、公開且具學術精神的發表平台。本刊鼓勵高中生與大學生將科學展覽作品、研究計畫、發明設計、工程實作、AI 應用、跨領域研究與競賽成果，整理為具備完整結構的學術稿件。

JSTI 採用國際學術期刊的基本邏輯與編排方式，並依學生研究與創新作品的特性進行調整，以兼顧學術性、可讀性與教育價值。

二、投稿對象

JSTI 歡迎以下作者投稿：

１．高中學生
２．大學生
３．與指導教師或導師共同完成研究之學生作者
４．具研究、發明、設計、實作或跨領域成果之校內外團隊

投稿內容可包含但不限於以下類型：

１．科學展覽作品
２．研究型專題或課程研究成果
３．發明作品與原型開發
４．工程與科技應用實作
５．AI、程式設計與系統開發專案
６．設計競賽、創新競賽或學術競賽成果
７．與科學、技術、教育、環境或社會議題相關之跨領域研究

三、稿件類型

3.1 Original Research Articles

本類型適用於具完整研究架構之稿件，應包含明確研究問題、研究方法、結果、分析與結論。
適合實驗研究、量化或質性分析、模型建構、科學探究及跨領域學術研究。

3.2 Technical Innovation Reports

本類型適用於以技術創新、原型研發、系統實作或功能性解決方案為核心之稿件。
適合技術開發、產品原型、應用系統、裝置設計與創新成果報告。

3.3 Experimental Study Papers

本類型適用於以實驗設計、測試、比較或控制性研究為核心之稿件。
適合實驗研究、測試驗證、條件比較與觀察型研究。

3.4 Engineering Design Papers

本類型適用於工程導向之稿件，包括系統、機構、原型、模型設計、優化與實際建構。
適合工程設計、技術整合、結構開發、系統搭建與性能評估。

3.5 Adapted Papers from Competition-Based Projects

本類型適用於由科展、研究競賽、創新競賽、海報發表或得獎專案進一步改寫而成之正式稿件。
適合將競賽作品整理、補充與提升為學術文章。

四、投稿語言

本刊主要接受 英文稿件。

中文稿件僅限於特刊、主題徵稿或編輯部另行公告之出版計畫。

五、檔案格式與基本排版

作者應依下列格式準備稿件：

１．檔案格式：Word .docx
２．紙張大小：A4
３．字型：Times New Roman 或 Arial
４．字級：12 pt
５．行距：1.5 倍行高
６．頁邊界：四邊 2.54 cm
７．對齊方式：左右對齊
８．頁碼：請置於頁尾
９．檔名格式：JSTI_稿件類型_第一作者姓名_投稿日期

六、建議字數範圍

Original Research Articles

建議全文長度：3,000–5,000 words

Technical Innovation Reports

建議全文長度：2,000–4,000 words

Experimental Study Papers

建議全文長度：2,000–4,000 words

Engineering Design Papers

建議全文長度：2,000–4,000 words

Adapted Papers from Competition-Based Projects

建議全文長度：1,500–3,500 words

以上字數原則不含參考文獻、圖說、表格與附錄。若稿件內容完整且具出版價值，編輯部仍得酌情受理超出建議範圍之作品。

七、建議圖表數量

Original Research Articles

建議：3–6 項圖表

Technical Innovation Reports

建議：3–8 項圖表

Experimental Study Papers

建議：3–6 項圖表

Engineering Design Papers

建議：3–8 項圖表

Adapted Papers from Competition-Based Projects

建議：2–6 項圖表

圖表應與正文密切相關、內容清晰可讀，並足以支撐稿件主要論述。

八、稿件結構

所有稿件原則上應包含以下項目：

8.1 Title

標題應具體、精簡，並能準確反映研究主題、作品成果、設計重點或核心發現。

8.2 Author Information

請依實際貢獻順序列出所有作者姓名。

8.3 Affiliation

請提供每位作者之學校、系所、年級或研究單位資訊。

8.4 Corresponding Author

請註明通訊作者姓名及電子郵件。

8.5 Abstract

摘要應為 150–250 字，並簡要說明：

研究背景或問題
方法、流程或設計方式
主要結果或作品表現
結論、意義或應用價值

8.6 Keywords

請提供 3–6 個關鍵字。

8.7 Introduction

說明研究背景、研究動機、研究目的與主題重要性。

8.8 Methods / Design Process

說明研究方法、設計流程、實驗架構、資料蒐集方式、系統開發階段或模型建構方法。

8.9 Results

呈現研究發現、測試結果、資料分析、模型表現、作品成效或觀察結果。

8.10 Discussion

解釋結果的意義，討論限制、可能原因、可改進方向及研究或作品之延伸價值。

8.11 Conclusion

總結主要發現、貢獻、應用方向及可能的未來發展。

8.12 References

請依本刊格式列出所有引用文獻。

8.13 Acknowledgments

可於此致謝指導教師、合作夥伴、技術支援、機構協助或其他貢獻者。

8.14 Funding / Conflict of Interest / Ethics Statement

如適用，作者須揭露研究經費、利益衝突、人體或動物研究、問卷調查或個人資料使用情形。

8.15 Figures and Tables

所有圖表均須編號，並附標題或圖說。

8.16 Supplementary Materials

附錄、原始數據、程式碼、設計圖、補充測試資料或其他支援性內容，可作為補充資料另行提交。

九、標題頁格式

稿件首頁應包含以下資訊：

１．稿件標題
２．作者姓名
３．學校名稱
４．系所、班級或年級
５．指導教師姓名（如適用）
６．通訊作者姓名與電子郵件
７．稿件類型：Original Research Articles / Technical Innovation Reports / Experimental Study Papers / Engineering Design Papers / Adapted Papers from Competition-Based Projects

十、摘要撰寫原則

摘要必須為單一段落、內容完整且可獨立閱讀，字數以 150 至 250 字 為原則。讀者應能在不閱讀全文的情況下，掌握稿件的核心內容。摘要常被獨立檢索，也是許多讀者最先閱讀、甚至唯一閱讀的部分，因此必須準確、清楚且精簡。

摘要應依序涵蓋以下四個要素：

背景與研究動機：說明此問題的重要性
方法或設計方式：說明你做了什麼、如何進行
結果：說明你的主要發現或產出
結論與意義：說明研究代表什麼，以及其價值所在

作者應避免在摘要中出現以下內容：

未定義之縮寫或簡稱
引用文獻或參考資料
過度誇張或宣傳式表述
含糊籠統的句子，例如「結果已分析」或「已得出結論」卻未具體說明內容
未出現在正文中的資訊

十一、正文撰寫原則

11.1 結構清楚

稿件應具備明確的邏輯架構與段落安排，避免僅羅列資料，或僅描述成果而未進行解釋。

11.2 重視過程與方法

JSTI 特別重視學生如何提出問題、設計方法、修正錯誤並詮釋結果。即使最終成果仍有限，只要研究過程嚴謹、分析誠實，稿件仍具有價值。

11.3 用語正式且客觀

作者應避免使用過度口語、情緒化或宣傳式語言。全文應以正式研究論文或技術報告之語氣撰寫。

11.4 名詞與縮寫定義

專業術語、學科專有名詞及縮寫，第一次出現時應先寫全名，再於括號中標示縮寫。
例如：Artificial Intelligence (AI)

十二、圖表規範

12.1 編號方式

圖與表須分別編號，例如：

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Table 1
Table 2

12.2 文中引用

所有圖表均須依數字順序於正文中引用。

12.3 圖表標題與圖說

每一圖表均須附標題或簡潔之說明文字。

12.4 圖像與圖表品質要求

所有提交至 JSTI 的圖像與圖表，至少應符合以下品質標準：

照片最低解析度：300 DPI
線條圖、流程圖與統計圖最低解析度：600 DPI
可接受檔案格式：PDF、TIFF、PNG、JPEG、EPS 或 AI
不建議直接提交以 PowerPoint 製作之圖檔，除非已先轉為高解析 PDF 或影像格式
圖表應避免裝飾性邊框、過度陰影或 3D 效果，建議採用乾淨、簡潔之設計
圖中所有文字應於正式出版尺寸下仍清楚可讀，建議最小字級不低於 8 pt
可接受彩色圖，但作者亦應確認圖表在灰階顯示下仍可辨識
請勿使用會使圖像品質低於上述標準之壓縮方式

12.5 多分圖標示

若同一圖中包含多個子圖，請清楚標示為 a、b、c 等。

十三、參考文獻格式

JSTI 建議採用編號制參考文獻格式。

JSTI 引用格式基本原則

作者姓名格式為：名字縮寫在前，姓氏全寫在後
例如：J. Smith，而非 Smith J.
期刊名稱使用斜體
卷號使用粗體
頁碼範圍使用 en dash
例如：100–108，而非 100-108
出版年份置於文末括號中
多位作者之間請以逗號分隔，不使用 and

文中引用範例

……先前研究已顯示此方法具有可行性 [1]。
……類似結果亦見於其他研究 [2,3]。

參考文獻範例

[1] A. B. Author, C. D. Author, Example article title. Example Journal Name 55, 100–108 (2021).
[2] G. Y. Author, Example Book Title (Publisher, 2022).
[3] A. Author, Z. Author, "Optional: Example chapter title" in Example Book Title (Publisher, 2022), pp. 300–350.

建議引用來源

１．同儕審查期刊論文
２．正式出版書籍
３．官方研究報告
４．政府出版資料
５．大學、研究機構或國際組織正式文件
６．可信之技術報告與標準文件

作者應避免過度依賴來源不明、匿名或可信度低的網路資訊。

十四、倫理與揭露聲明

若稿件涉及以下情況，作者必須於文末附上適當聲明：

１．人體研究
２．動物實驗
３．問卷調查
４．個人資料蒐集或使用
５．外部研究經費支持
６．商業合作或利益衝突

建議使用以下標題：

Acknowledgments
Funding Statement
Conflict of Interest Statement
Ethics Statement

十五、AI 使用揭露

AI 輔助寫作揭露

若作者在稿件草擬、修訂或編輯過程中，使用任何 AI 輔助寫作工具，包括但不限於 ChatGPT、Claude、Grammarly AI 或其他大型語言模型應用程式，應於 Methods 或 Acknowledgments 段落中清楚揭露。

揭露內容應包含：

１．所使用工具之名稱與版本
２．使用目的，例如文法修正、句型調整或翻譯協助
３．作者已對所有 AI 生成內容進行審閱、查核，並對全文內容負全部責任之聲明

AI 工具不得列為作者。稿件之科學正確性、原創性及倫理責任，均由人類作者負責。未揭露 AI 工具使用情形，將視為違反出版倫理。

十六、資料可得性聲明

作者強烈建議公開研究資料、程式碼與補充材料，以支持研究透明度與可重現性。
稿件中必須於文末、References 之前 加入 Data Availability Statement。

可接受之聲明範例如下：

「All data supporting the findings of this study are included in this manuscript and/or its supplementary materials.」
「Raw data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.」
「The dataset used in this study is available at [repository name and URL / DOI].」

若資料因隱私、倫理或法律限制而無法公開，作者必須於 Data Availability Statement 中說明原因。不得僅簡單寫成「data available upon request」而未提供進一步說明。

十七、共同作者與署名排序原則

共同作者應為對研究、設計、執行、分析或撰寫具有實質貢獻者。

如僅提供一般行政支援、場地使用協助或少量建議者，通常應於 Acknowledgments 中致謝，而非列為共同作者。

作者排序應於投稿前由全體作者確認，投稿後原則上不得任意更動，除非具有正當理由。

十八、投稿前檢查清單

投稿前請確認以下事項：

１．已標示稿件類型
２．標題頁資訊完整
３．已附摘要
４．已提供關鍵字
５．稿件結構完整
６．所有圖表均已編號
７．所有圖表均已於正文引用
８．所有縮寫均已於首次出現時定義
９．參考文獻格式一致
１０．作者排序已確認
１１．必要聲明均已補齊
１２．全文已完成拼字與語言檢查

十九、審查原則

JSTI 採兼具教育目的與專業標準之審查方式。稿件將依以下面向評估：

１．主題是否明確
２．研究或設計目的是否清楚
３．方法或流程是否適切
４．結果是否具體
５．討論與分析是否具深度
６．是否具原創性或實作價值
７．結構是否完整
８．文字表達是否正式且易讀

JSTI 歡迎具潛力之青年研究作品。審查之目的在於提升稿件品質，協助作者接軌正式學術寫作，而非以過度嚴苛之標準直接排除學生作品。

二十、投稿資料

原則上，作者應準備以下投稿文件：

１．Word 格式主稿檔
２．圖表原始檔（如編輯部要求）
３．作者資訊表
４．必要之授權或聲明文件
５．補充資料檔案（如適用）

二十一、附註

本規範為 JSTI 投稿格式之第一版正式版本。

編輯部保留依據期刊發展及編務需要，修訂格式要求、投稿說明與審查流程之權利。請以官網最新公告版本為準。

Journal of Scientific and Technological Innovation (JSTI)
投稿格式規範 v1.0

Science Citation Style

General comments

Journal articles

Examples

1. A. B. Author, C. D. Author, Example article title. Example Journal Name 55, 100–108 (2021).
[with page range]

2. A. B. Author, C. D. Author, Example article title. Example Journal Name 346, e12345 (2022).
[with article number instead of page range]

3. A. B. Author, C. D. Author, Example article title. Example Journal Name 17 (suppl. 1), 62–66 (2020).
[with supplement number]

4. S. Author, M. Author, H. Author, Example article title. Example Journal Name DOI (2022).
[early online publication/epub ahead of print (use DOI instead of volume and page/article numbers)]

Whole books

Examples

1. G. Y. Author, Example Book Title (Publisher, 2022).
[basic example]

2. X. Editor, Y. Z. Editor, Q. Editor, Eds., Example Book Title (Publisher, 2021).
[with editors rather than authors]

3. M. Author, T. Author, Example Book Title (Publisher, ed. 3, 2022).
[with edition number]

4. Organization Name, Example Book Title (Organization Name, 2021).
[organization as both author and publisher]

Book chapters

Examples

1. A. Author, Z. Author, "Optional: Example chapter title" in Example Book Title (Publisher, 2022), pp. 300–350.
[with chapter title]

2. T. D. Author, U. R. Author, in Example Book Title, F. Editor, Ed. (Publisher, 2021), pp. 37–71.
[with editor]

Books in series

If the book is part of a series, indicate the series title after the book title. The volume number is optional.

Examples

1. A. Author, B. Author, Example Book Title, vol. 5 of Example Series Title (Publisher, 2022).

Technical reports and monographs

Examples

1. G. B. Author, "Example report title" (Tech. Rep. ABCD-12-34, Publisher, 2022).
[with report number]

2. F. Author, "Example report title" (Publisher, 2020); URL.
[with URL]

3. "Example report title" (Tech. Rep. 83902, Publisher, 2021).
[no author]

Meetings, conferences, and proceedings

Examples

1. A. Author, X. Author, G. Author, in Proceedings of the 2019 Example Conference on Interesting Topic (Publisher, 2022), pp. 6645–6649.
[published]

2. A. Z. Author, "Example conference paper" in Proceedings of the 2021 Example Conference on Interesting Topic (Publisher, 2021), abstr. 875.
[published, paper title and abstract number provided]

3. M. Author, paper presented at the 25th Annual Meeting of Example Organization, Washington, DC, 10 to 13 October 2022.
[unpublished]

Theses

Name the university but not the degree. Name the city if the university could be mistaken for another. It is optional to include the thesis title.

Examples

1. B. Author, thesis, Example University (2021).
[no title]

2. R. Author, "Example title on an interesting topic," thesis, Example University, Washington, DC (2020).
[with title and city]

Preprints

Examples

1. J. V. Author, E. Author, D. F. Author, Example preprint title. arXiv:1111.12345 [category] (2021).
[arXiv]

2. D. Z. Author, K. Author, U. Author, M. R. Author, Example preprint title. bioRxiv 0123456 [Preprint] (2020). https://doi.org/10.1101/0123456.
[bioRxiv]

Datasets

List the version number, if applicable. Provide a DOI or other persistent identifier (preferably in URL format).

Example

1. D. Author, Example dataset title, version 1, Example Repository Name (2021); https://doi.org/10.12345/ABC1234567.

Software

Example

1. A. Author, B. Author, Example software title, version 2, Example Repository Name (2022); https://doi.org/10.12345/ABC000999.

Journal of Scientific and Technological Innovation (JSTI)
投稿格式規範 v1.0